How Does Substance Abuse in Utero Affect a Child - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1601 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Substance Abuse Essay Did you like this example?   You know that we are lost when babies are addicted to drugs when they are born- Louis Eric Barrier. Every 25 minutes, in the United States, a baby is born experiencing   a dependence on some type of drug. Drinking, smoking, and recreational drug use during pregnancy has become a worldwide epidemic, harming or killing untold numbers of developing babies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Does Substance Abuse in Utero Affect a Child" essay for you Create order Those that survive birth will continue to suffer a list of negative effects . This is a serious problem in our country as rates of addiction are increasing, drugs are on the rise, and tax payers are spending billions of dollars a year just for the addicted   newborns extended hospital stays.   Of all   these unpleasant facts, worse is the price that these infants   must pay throughout their lives, facing behavioral, social, or academic problems in childhood and mental health issues as adults. Women in their child bearing years need to be informed and make careful choices for their unborn children. According to Lauren Villa, writer at American Addiction Centers, Anywhere from 48-94% of babies exposed in utero to heroin will experience withdrawal at birth. Heroin is an extremely addictive recreational drug made from a seed pod of an opium poppy plant. Children born to heroin-dependent parents also had a high incidence of hyperactivity, inattention, and behavioral problems, determined by National Center for Biotechnology Information. Children in America born exposed to drugs in the womb has increased dramatically in the past 15 years. Reported by Mother to Baby, Studies have reported a risk for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) with heroin use during the third trimester of pregnancy. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that about 6 of 1,000 babies born in the U.S. are diagnosed with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Hospitals may use an assessment tool developed in the 1970s during the peak of the heroin outbreak. The assessment tool is used to help rate the infants symp toms which helps determine what medication to put a baby on. In accordance with Mother to Baby, March of Dimes states, If you use heroin during pregnancy, it can cause serious problems for your baby, like premature birth, NAS, birth defects and still birth. Still birth is when a full term infant dies and is delivered. Drug use also causes many pregnant women to miscarry a fetus that is not yet full term. On average, the hospital stay for an infant diagnosed with NAS is $67,000. In 2012, 80 percent of the $1.5 billion charges for the treatment of NAS were covered by Medicaid programs, funded by taxpayers. If you do not get medical care, it is four times more likely that your baby will die during your pregnancy or shortly after being born, believed by CRC Health.  Ã‚   Mother to Baby states that, Drinking alcohol in pregnancy puts the developing baby at risk for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). FAS is the most severe type of disorder infants may experience. In 2002, the lifelong estimated cost of a person with FAS was $2 million. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are the leading cause of preventable mental retardation and are 100 percent avoidable if a woman does not drink alcohol during pregnancy, according to the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can have a lasting effect on the children that are born with it. Alcohol can cause more neurobehavioral problems with an infant than heroin or cocaine. Pediatrics Child Health mentions, Children with FAS have problems with development, learning, behavior and social skills. Behavior problems linked with FAS are attachment disorders, which is when children dont have the opportunity to form a close relationship to an adult the way children typically do. As stated by March of Dimes, Drinking alcohol during pregnancy makes your baby more likely to have premature birth, birth defects and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Premature birth is an infant born before 37 weeks of due date. The earlier an infant is born, the higher risk of complications following the birth. As little as one drink a day can raise the odds of miscarrying or having a baby with a low birth weight, and raise your childs risk of problems with learning, speech, attention span, language, and hyperactivity (Babycenter.com). No amount of alcohol is safe for a baby during the pregnancy. Reasoning (cognitive) thinking is another consequence of FAS that can affect the child later in life with school performance. Some children dont experience symptoms from alcohol exposure until their mid or late teen years. Babies can be born addicted to methamphetamine and suffer withdrawal symptoms that include tremors, sleeplessness, muscle spasms, and feeding difficulties, stated by americanpregnancy.org. Methamphetamine is a synthetic drug that is used as a stimulant illegally. As numbers increase of pregnant women abusing substances, it is becoming a public health concern. Out of the babies exposed to meth in the womb, only four percent were treated for withdrawal.   Recovery Village states, Neonatal amphetamine withdrawal symptoms can include problems feeding, irritability and agitation. Babies may pull away, arching their back, when held and can be very restless.   As mentioned before, Recovery Village mentions that, Studies have shown that exposing a fetus to meth can cause DNA damage, and mental and physical abnormalities and heart defects. Babies will respond well to rocking and swaddling. They easily become dehydrated so should have an abundance of liquids to keep hydrated.   A 2005 st udy by the University of Toronto showed that taking just one dose of meth during pregnancy could have dire consequences for the baby, states casapalmera.com. Babies born with methamphetamine in their system are referred to as addicted but essentially that is not the case, their bodies have developed a physical tolerance to the drug. The majority of the study results we have come from animal studies. Babies may experience organ, muscle and bone pain. According to Therese Grant, investigator of the Parent-Child Assistance Program, pregnant women who used marijuana in the past year, 16.2% used almost daily. Marijuana is a psychoactive drug from a cannabis plant. Raina Delisle said in her article, in Todays Parent, Using cannabis can lead to poor pregnancy outcomes and long-term neurodevelopmental effects on the child. Smoke from marijuana contains a lot of the same carcinogenic toxins as smoke from tobacco that cause respiratory diseases. A child whose mother used marijuana during pregnancy may have trouble with memory, attention, controlling impulses, and school performance stated by healthline.com. In school age children five to six, scores significantly drop in attention span and memory tests due to prenatal marijuana exposure. According to National Health Services, Research suggests that using cannabis regularly during pregnancy could affect your babys brain development. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in the marijuana, is the subs tance that leads to problems with brain development. mothers who use cannabis during pregnancy are more likely to have a low birth weight, which can lead to various health problems (Babycentre.com). When a pregnant woman smokes marijuana, it stays in the babys fat cells for seven to 30 days. Abusing drugs during pregnancy affects infants physically and has continued effects due to brain structure changes that may affect the growing child behaviorally, academically, and in making social-emotional connections with others. These changes may follow into their adult life, exhibiting as mental disorders, or through altered DNA. It is a serious problem for society and for the affected individual but it can be completely prevented by mothers being fully aware of what is at stake and making the choice to remain drug and alcohol free throughout their pregnancies. A baby is born with a need to be loved and never outgrows it.(Frank A. Clark) Works Cited Alcohol during Pregnancy. March of Dimes, www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/alcohol-during-pregnancy.aspx. mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/alcohol-pregnancy/pdf/. Atwater, Taylor. Meth Babies on the Rise: Long-Term Effects of Moms on Meth During Pregnancy. The Recovery Village, The Recovery Village, 1 June 2018, www.therecoveryvillage.com/meth-addiction/meth-babies-on-the-rise/#gref. Drinking Alcohol during Pregnancy. BabyCenter, 9 Oct. 2018, www.babycenter.com/0_drinking-alcohol-during-pregnancy_3542.bc. Delisle, Raina. Is It Safe to Use Weed during Pregnancy? Todays Parent, Todays Parent, 19 Oct. 2018, www.todaysparent.com/pregnancy/pregnancy-health/is-it-safe-to-use-weed-during-pregnancy/. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: What You Should Know about Drinking during Pregnancy. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2794811/. Heroin and Pregnancy. March of Dimes, www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/heroin-and-pregnancy.aspx. MotherToBaby, mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/heroin/. Heroins Effects on Pregnancy. DrugAbuse.com, 9 Sept. 2017, drugabuse.com/library/heroin-pregnancy/. Is It Safe to Smoke Weed during Pregnancy? BabyCentre UK, BabyCentre Blog, www.babycentre.co.uk/x25014277/is-it-safe-to-smoke-weed-during-pregnancy. Marijuana Use During Pregnancy: Short and Long-Term Effects. adai.uw.edu/mjsymposium/slides/grant2016.pdf. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Dramatic Increases in Maternal Opioid Use and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. NIDA, 1 Sept. 2015, www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/dramatic-increases-in-maternal-opioid-use-neonatal-abstinence-syndrome. NHS Choices, NHS, www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-body/cannabis-the-facts/. Ornoy, A, et al. The Developmental Outcome of Children Born to Heroin-Dependent Mothers, Raised at Home or Adopted. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports., U.S. National Library of Medicine, May 1996, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8735375. Pregnant Using Heroin. CRC Health Group, www.crchealth.com/addiction/heroin-addiction-treatment/pregnant-heroin/. Reale, Skylar. Taking Amphetamine While Pregnant: What You Need to Know. The Recovery Village, The Recovery Village, 1 Nov. 2018, www.therecoveryvillage.com/amphetamine-addiction/amphetamine-while-pregnant/#gref. Reinberg, Steven. Pregnant Women Put Babies at Risk With Alcohol. WebMD, WebMD, 2 Feb. 2016, www.webmd.com/baby/news/20160202/millions-of-pregnant-women-put-their-babies-at-risk-with-alcohol-cdc. Smoking Weed While Pregnant: Is It Dangerous? Healthline, Healthline Media, www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/smoking-weed#potential-effects-while-pregnant. Staff, Casa Palmera. The Facts and Effects of Methamphetamine Addiction and Pregnancy. Casa Palmera, 14 Jan. 2015, casapalmera.com/blog/the-facts-and-effects-of-methamphetamine-addiction-and-pregnancy/. Swain County, North Carolina, www.swaincountync.gov/dss/dss-meth-faq-children-exposure.html. Using Illegal Drugs During Pregnancy. American Pregnancy Association, 1 Feb. 2018, americanpregnancy.org/pregnancy-health/illegal-drugs-during-pregnancy/.

Documentary Analysis Zeitgeist Addendum Essay - 815 Words

Actual Documentary Analysis Zeitgeist Addendum, Joseph, Peter, 2008 This film revolves around the state of the world that is corruption. The main reason or cause of this corruption is the monetary system. Our society, work, and power rely on one thing and that is money. This film/documentary also offers a solution, which is a system that is resource-based and not money-based. â€Å"This solution is not based on politics, morality, laws, or any other ‘establishment’ notions of human affairs, but rather on a modern, non-superstitious based understanding of what we are and how we align with nature, to which we are a part†-IMDb. Basically, this solution offers an economy, or system where there are no poor people, because of the destruction of†¦show more content†¦The first step was the economic hitman who starts out with presenting loans to those leaders. The second step, which is â€Å"the jackal,† was in case the first was not successful. â€Å"The jackal† either overthrows governments or assassinates them jus t like in Ecuador. The third step is â€Å"the military,† which is basically a war to overthrow the government and install their corporations there. Part three of the documentary talks about Jacques Fresco and The Venus Project. This is where the solution comes in where there is no money at all, only a resource-based economy. These were the ideas of Jacques Fresco. In addition, he said that the contributing factors of the problems stated before were free market enterprise and capitalism. To implement these solutions, Fresco said that another entity will be an expense, which is the environment. Part four of the film discussed that all the major problems are outcomes of the ignorance of emergent and symbiotic. It is an ignorance that is maintained by the system we have today. To counter this, Peter Joseph suggests social changes that are non-violent and to boycott those corporations. Based on this film, the corporations are the ones with most corruptions since, for them, nothing is ever enough. For me, I agree with Peter Joseph that this world should be changed into a resource-based economy. I think that the times before Mercantilism where they used resources and not gold or silver were a time when there were

Essay about Capitalism and Socialism - 1566 Words

You buy a house. You choose your job. You shop for the groceries and toys that your income allows you. We take these basics of American life for granted, but these liberties are all because of capitalism. Capitalism is an economic system that enables consumers to determine which products will be sold, lets firms decide how to produce them, and allows markets to guide who gets them. IN the United States, oil is an example of an industry that is run by this principle. Life would be different, however, if the nation was socialist. Socialism is an economic theory that mandates that the governing body, rather than the consumers and firms, control some of the firms on behalf of the community. For example, in Norway and even in capitalist Mexico†¦show more content†¦In addition, capitalism addresses the questions of what products to produce, how they will be produced, and who will receive the products. Firms will make the goods and services that consumers are willing and able to bu y; therefore, consumers determine the products. This is an effective method, because in general people are rational; people respond to incentives; and optimal decisions are made at the margin (Hubbard, 2009). In turn, firms decide how the goods and services are produced. Entrepreneurship allows for common people to operate businesses. An individual can produce an idea, take the financial risk, and begin a business and start selling a good or service. A person’s drive to succeed and natural response to incentives encourage him or her to work. Businesses are guided by profits. Because natural monopolies do occur, a managed capitalistic economy like our own provides for appropriate regulatory methods, but generally the goods are produced by a firm or firms with minimal government interference. Prices for the products are set through competition of firms, by private enterprise, in which the market determines the price. Who, then, determines who gets the final product? The governm ent? In capitalism, markets determine who will receive the goods. Adam Smith developed this concept by naming it the â€Å"invisible hand†Ã¢â‚¬â€the guiding forces of self-interest, supply and demand, and competition to assisting the marketplace along on its own withoutShow MoreRelatedCapitalism And Socialism And Capitalism1952 Words   |  8 PagesFor more than a century capitalism and socialism have been contending to be the best economic system. Socialism is a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry that is controlled by private owners for profit. 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In this text, I will in addition to comparing and contrasting socialism and capitalism also discuss the shortcomings of these two economic systems. Further, amongst other things, I will highlight the overlaps between the two. Capitalism vs. Socialism In seeking to highlight the key differences between socialism and capitalism, it would be prudent to first offer a concise definition of the two terms. Capitalism in the words of Brinkerhoff,Read MoreCapitalism versus Socialism1651 Words   |  7 PagesCapitalism versus socialism It is much better to live in a country where difference between poor and rich is noticeable, than to know that a person will never differ from others in his or her own country. My essay will be based on the following the definition, characteristics’, types of capitalism and socialism, features, socialism as alternative to capitalism and social change and economic development. What is capitalism? Capitalism is an economic and political system in which all means of productionRead MoreCapitalism vs Socialism1746 Words   |  7 PagesOutline: Essay question: What is the best policy for any country: capitalism or socialism? Introduction: Thesis statement: It is much better to live in the country where the gap between poor and rich people is sharply noticeable, than to know that a person will never differ from the mass of people or feel a real freedom in his/her own country. Body: A. Capitalistic policy gives an equal opportunity to everyone to become a wealthy person. * Person can have his own business and developRead MoreThe Socialism And Capitalism Of Society1686 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, we will look at both socialism and capitalism. These are both very broad topics so not every aspect of each will be covered. We will, though, try to achieve a basic understanding of both of the systems. We will see how they differ and how they are similar. 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ILM Work based assignment Essay - 5982 Words

Work Based Assignment M3.12 M3.26 Contents page Contents page 2 WORK BASED ASSIGNMENT 3 MARK SHEET 5 The value of assessing performance 6 Managing performance 7 Motivating the team to improve performance in the workplace 8 The value of feedback in the workplace 9 Appendices 10 WORK BASED ASSIGNMENT - M3.12 MOTIVATING TO PERFORM IN THE WORKPLACE/ M3.26 MANAGING PERFORMANCE Centre Number Centre Name Candidate Registration No Candidate Name TASK This task is all about motivating the team to perform in the workplace. You should consider: the value of assessing performance; how you could motivate the team to improve performance; and the value of feedback in the workplace. Please use†¦show more content†¦Formal assessments are then followed up and reviewed allowing progress to be evaluated. When formally assessing performance, this is done through annual appraisals, monthly/quarterly goals, audits etc. The outcomes are quantitative results/data which supports conclusions and are easily read. Informal assessments are more casual and are more difficult to measure as they can be through word of mouth, observations, peer and self evaluation and are not recorded and checked. When informally assessing performance we may look more at frequent reactions to how daily tasks are handled or through informal discussions. TheShow MoreRelatedIlm M3.18943 Words   |  4 PagesILM LEVEL 3 DIPLOMA IN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT ILM/L3DipLM/0308 Introducing the qualification The ILM Level 3 Diploma in Leadership and Management has been specially designed for first line managers looking to develop a wide range of management and leadership skills suitable for their role. The qualification also develops both understanding and application of leadership skills through the use of action learning. 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The Yellow Wallpaper Analysis Free Essays

The Yellow Wallpaper Analysis As I started reading this short story, it clearly introduced who the characters are and where it took place. The narrator is a woman; she has no name, remains anonymous throughout the story. She lives with her husband John in a house. We will write a custom essay sample on The Yellow Wallpaper Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now This house is isolated from society, since the short story indicates that it is far from village, roads or any means of communication. It also contains locks and gates throughout. The woman is ill and this illness has placed her in a weak position with her husband and everything around her. We know that she likes to write, but her husband doesn’t let her, so she does it in secret. Although this type of writing is mainly to show mild personality disorder in dealing with life, at the same time I believe it shows how each person expresses their illness and how it builds up with certain outcome. Here the author shows how the woman expresses her illness through the circumstances of the yellow wallpaper such as dreaming and fantasying through the paper, which led to her breakdown. At first, the narrator describes the yellow wallpaper as ? It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the lame uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicide–plunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions  .? It shows how the narrator dislikes the yellow wallpaper and she elaborates her feelings towards it. This quote explains a lot about how she feels, and also points out how suppressed and weak she is. When it said ? follow the lame uncertain curves? t refers to the husband that may lead the narrator to commit suicide because of the way she listens and obeys him. Although he seems to say the things that would make her better and assure her that she is getting better, he is not really letting her do what would make her better, which is what she wants. As a physician who recognizes and treats his wife’s condition, it would appear to be that he understands her best, but he does not seem to realize how severe her state is. Neither does he have an adequate way of treating it, like not letting her do what she wants like for instance writing. I believe he underestimates the state of her mind, and he has a lot to do with the outcome of her condition. This leads to her obsession with the wallpaper. At first the narrator hated it, and then she got used to it. She started letting her imagination wander about this wallpaper, she saw in her mind’s eye people, scenes: ? there is a beautiful shaded lane that runs down there from the house. I always fancy I see people walking in these numerous paths and arbors, but John has cautioned me not to give way to fancy at least.? By focusing on these fantasies or dreams, I believe it expresses her feelings and makes her more confident. Despite what John thinks about her fantasies, she continues to imagine things. He thinks she is getting better in spite of her speculations, she knows she is getting better because of these speculations, her illness has its own certain effect and it even develops. John warns her several times that she must use her self-control to rein in her imagination, which he fears will run away with her. Of course, the narrator’s eventual insanity is a product of the  repression  of her imaginative power, not the expression of it. She is constantly longing for an emotional means, even going so far as to keep a secret journal, which she describes more than once as a â€Å"relief† to her mind. This illness progresses in a way that lets her see a woman in the wallpaper. She sees the same woman in different places and she thinks that the woman only gets out in daytime. She says, ? It is the same woman, I know, for she is always creeping along, and most women do not creep by daylight.? Lori Voth explains this part in a way that I totally agree with. She says that the woman who for some time is hidden in the background of the paper symbolizes the main character’s fear of presenting herself and her opinion. I agree that it is a symbol of fear because the narrator is a reflection of the hidden woman behind the wallpaper, which relates much to her. She is hiding in this house away from society, scared to say what she feels or what she wants. In my opinion, I think that this is one of the things that led to her depression, if the narrator was able to express herself from the beginning and not let her husband or anyone control her, as a result she may be in a better condition. Reaching the end, she doesn’t really care much about what anyone thinks. She starts showing certain actions that may confirm that she going insane, like peeling off all the paper, locking the door and throwing the key in the front path. On one hand it seems that she is gone insane, on the other hand, I think she is getting out of her cage, expressing what has been there all along may be in a certain way that only satisfies her. In my own view as I discussed it before, each individual has a certain way of expressing their illness or more likely their feelings, and it comes with different ways of behaviour (outcome) depending on the person. This story takes the reader’s mind to different view of women. Women are usually known for being the quiet, sophisticated, and reasonable characters in society. This time the reader may be taken into the inner-most realms of women’s mind and experiences. The experience of the narrator in the ? The Yellow Wallpaper? hows that she is gone mad because her role in society is limited and her ability to express herself creatively is constricted. This inability for her to express herself in a meaningful way eventually leads her to associate herself with the woman in the wallpaper who looks to be, like the narrator, behind bars or in a cage. Some important feminine critics have seen the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† not only an accurate representation of a situa tion of woman in a harsh culture but also a model for their own reading and writing practices (Davison 120). The yellow wallpaper represents several ideas and conditions and every time I read it a new view captures my eyes. Work cited * Voth, Lori. Article about ? The Yellow Wallpaper.? http://voices. yahoo. com/literary-analysis-yellow-wallpaper-charlotte-11251. html? cat=38.? Lori Voth, November 21, 2005. Web. October 29, 2012. * Davison, Carol Margaret.? Haunted House/Haunted Heroine: Female Gothic Closets in ? The Yellow Wallpaper.? Women’s studies 33. 1(2004):47-75. Academic search complete. Web. 6 November, 2012. How to cite The Yellow Wallpaper Analysis, Essay examples

Organization Behavior New Zealands Management Skills

Question: Discuss about theOrganization Behavior for New Zealand's Management Skills. Answer: Introduction This essay critically assesses as well as evaluates the article of the critical challenges facing New Zealands chief executives: implications for management skills by Hutchinson Boxall. Along with this, this essay identifies a relevant thesis statement or question from the article. This research essay explains the strengths and weaknesses of the article on the basis of the selects thesis statement or question. In addition to this, this paper explains the key point of this study and provides a solid conclusion about the research article. Thesis Statement The thesis statement of this research essay is to identify the challenges faced by chief executive in implications for New Zealands management skills in the current business environment, and these challenges have an effect on the management ability of managing uncertainty and renewal, managing stakeholders and managing people and limited resources. Critical Evaluation and Strengths Weaknesses of the Article On the basis of the above thesis statement, it can be stated that this article is effective to evaluate and find out the solution this thesis statement. The main strength of this article is data collection way as it used survey method to collect the data that is an appropriate way to resolve the research problem. This article survey conducted to the chief executives of New Zealands 1000 largest organizations from across the public, private and not-for-profit sectors (Hutchison and Boxall, 2014). The survey method would be appropriate way to collect current and primary data on the problem rather than use the past or secondary data or information to solve the research problem. The quantitative section of the survey, open-ended questions, the appropriate sampling and response rate indicated the strength of this article/research. Primary data through apply survey method would be enhance the reliability and credibility of the research study and justified the finding and result of the rese arch study (Vorhies and Morgan, 2005). Moreover, the strength of this article is also included the secondary data or previous research on this topic that maintain the reliability and credibility of the outcomes of this research study. This study is review recent articles or views of the authors or scholars and has not left out any references that enhance credibility of the study outcomes. The proper list of the references, appropriate formation of the research study, clearly written and language is unbiased that is easy to understand of the readers are the main strengths of this study (Kuada, 2012). In addition, this research aim, objectives, and hypothesis are not clearly stated that is the weakness of this article/study. Variables types such as independent and dependent are not clearly defined that affected the reliability and validity of the research outcome/conclusion. On the basis of the results of the study, it can be stated that management capabilities are important for New Zealand and three fundamental sets of managerial skills are basic requirement of the management. Three fundamental sets of managerial skills are managing uncertainty and renewal; managing stakeholders and partners; and managing people and internal resources (Luo and Bhattacharya, 2006). Moreover, this article explained that in a challenging economic environment and hanging markets and technologies, New Zealands chief executives face challenges in that the support of stakeholders. It indicated that due to the demographic wave of baby-boomer retirements, New Zealands chief executives face a war for talent both national and international level that affected the leadership positions. In the private sector of New Zealand, chief executives are considering and reframing their business models to meet fast-paced and ambiguous change (Lindon, Holmes and Nicholson, 2006). Moreover, in p ublic and not-for-profit organizations of New Zealand, chief executives are changing to a constrained funding base over that they have little control, so they need to find ways of enhance funding in a high demands and escalating costs climate. This article results expressed accurate finding that current environment created some major challenges for management skills development that are affected their abilities, which grouped into three fundamental sets of managerial skills categories. This article properly described the current issues faced by the New Zealands chief executives that are faced issued in renew and restructure an organization effectively. Moreover, managers are handled better and able to deal with systematic problems (Hutchinson Boxall, 2014). In addition, HR specialists need to be focused on the development of the skills of the employees and take part themselves in developmental skills processes that bridge internal and external boundaries. Viewpoint about the Article This article included previous studies or literature in appropriate manner in this study to describe the current challenges facing New Zealands chief executives. This study helped me to understand the above defined the thesis statement and understand the main research problem or topic. In this article, a direct method of data collection through survey questionnaire with New Zealands chief executives was applied that enhance my understanding regarding the data collection method, sample selection for represent population and ways of represent data collection results (Kulkarni, Aziz, Shams and Busse, 2009). The article conclusion indicates proper review of literature, data collection and sampling technique justifies that enhance my research knowledge and skills. This article explains the critical challenges facing by the New Zealands chief executives at present times by included view of different authors in literature review and views of survey questionnaire participants (Datta, Guthrie and Wright, 2005). Data collection through New Zealands chief executives questionnaire survey as apply the random sampling indicated use of sampling method and sample selection present population regarding the research study. This article study enhance my research knowledge, skill and ability through properly use of primary and secondary data collection methods, conduct literature review, sampling method and proper conclusion. This article helped me to practical implication of the classroom discussion regarding the data collection methods, sampling methods and literature review conduct and ways to reach an outcome or conclusion of the study (Johnson and Christensen, 2010). Agree With the Thesis Statement of the Article Moreover, I am agree with the above defined thesis statement of this paper after the reading of the article that is challenges faced by New Zealands chief executive in implications for management skills in the current environment and these challenges impacted on the management ability related to manage uncertainty and renewal, manage stakeholders and manage people and limited resources (Goddard and Melville, 2004).. The thesis statement and article indicated that due to the challenging economic environment and rapid changing markets and technologies, New Zealands chief executives face challenges currently in the market. New Zealands chief executives face a war for talent due to the demographic wave of baby-boomer retirements and shortage of the talented workers in the labor market. In addition, the article is explained the fast-paced and ambiguous changes, so that the chief executives of private sector are required reconsidering and reframing their business models to survive and maintain their business in the complex business environment. I am agreed with the thesis statement of the article, due to the rapid changes in the technology and business environment or market created the challenges of the management (Wright, Brand, Dunn and Spindler, 2007). Therefore, they may be required reframing and modifying in their operations, products and process to face the current challenges of the market for surviving and maintain their position. I am agreed that the current complex business environment poses some major challenges for the New Zealands chief executives. Moreover, I am also agreed with the thesis statement of the article that the chief executives of the public and not-for-profit organizations are facing challenged in fund raising and control of funding due to e scalating costs and need to do more with fewer funds or less with fewer funds (Vigoda-Gadot, 2007). This article would be more appropriate to explain the challenges faced by the chief executives in private, public and not-for-profit organizations. The article key points are fast-changing and ambiguous environment; due to this environment, managers need improved their capabilities and improved political and interpersonal skills in managing uncertainty and organizational renewal, in managing a complex web of relationships with stakeholders and in managing people and limited resources. The other key point of this article is HR specialists should design, foster and model the developmental processes in the organization to support these managerial skills (Grant and Booth, 2009). The article finding that three fundamental management skill needs to develop in the chief executives these are ability to manage or face uncertainty and renewal, manage and properly deal with the stakeholders and business partners, and manage or handle and proper utilize of people and limited resources. Conclusion On the basis of the above defined thesis statement and article summary, it can be concluded that the thesis statement is related to the article topic or research problem topic that justified the key points of research finding or conclusion. The strengths of this article are proper used of primary data collection (questionnaire survey) and secondary data collection (literature review) methods, random sampling method, discussion, data analysis and appropriate conclusion. In addition, weaknesses of this article are not properly defined research aim, objectives, questions, hypothesis and thesis statement. References Datta, D.K., Guthrie, J.P. and Wright, P.M. (2005). Human Resource Management and Labor Productivity: Does Industry Matter? Academy of Management Journal, 48(1), pp. 135145. Goddard, W. and Melville, S. (2004). Research Methodology: An Introduction. USA: Juta and Company Ltd. Grant, M. J., and Booth, A. (2009). A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Information Libraries Journal, 26(2), pp. 91-108. Hutchison, A., and Boxall, P. (2014). The critical challenges facing New Zealand's chief executives: implications for management skills. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 52(1), pp. 23-41. Johnson, B. and Christensen, L. (2010). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches. USA: SAGE. Kuada, J. (2012). Research Methodology: A Project Guide for University Students. USA: Samfundslitteratur. Kulkarni, A. V., Aziz, B., Shams, I., and Busse, J. W. (2009). Comparisons of citations in Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles published in general medical journals. Jama, 302(10), pp. 1092-1096. Lindon, J. C., Holmes, E., and Nicholson, J. K. (2006). Metabonomics techniques and applications to pharmaceutical research development. Pharmaceutical research, 23(6), pp. 1075-1088. Luo, X. and Bhattacharya, C.B. (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility, Customer Satisfaction, and Market Value. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), pp. 1-18. Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2007). Leadership style, organizational politics, and employees performance. Personnel Review, 36(5), pp. 661-683. Vorhies, D.W. and Morgan, N.A. (2005). Benchmarking Marketing Capabilities for Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Journal of Marketing, 69, pp. 8094. Wright, R. W., Brand, R. A., Dunn, W., and Spindler, K. P. (2007). How to write a systematic review. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 455, pp. 23-29.

Comparing and Contrasting NCUs Concept Paper Requirements for Qualitative and or Quantitative Papers Example For Students

Comparing and Contrasting NCUs Concept Paper Requirements for Qualitative and or Quantitative Papers The theoretical discipline of philosophy is broken down into five facets. (1) Logic, that details the rules of an argument, and distinguishing valid from invalid forms of argument; (2) Ethics, and its distinction between right and wrong, good or evil, moral or immoral; (3) Epistemology, which is the nature of knowledge, what it is, how we know, and what is the truth? (4) Aesthetic, that takes into account the nature of beauty and art; and (5) Metaphysics, reality and what we consider to be real, and does it exists? What does it mean to say that something exists or does not exist? How can we refer to something that does not exist? To satisfy the requirements of completing the discipline of philosophy and other disciplines at Northcentral University, Doctoral students must prepare a dissertation. Part of the dissertation process is to inquire and solve a hypothesis using some form of research method. This paper compares and contrasts NCU’s concept paper requirements for qualitative and or quantitative papers. Northcentral Expectation Both qualitative and quantitative concept designs share design elements. Sampson (2012) states that a good or enriched qualitative and or quantitative concept paper is a product of forethought. Northcentral University (NCU) provides its Doctoral students with writing resources that are not limited to the concept template to enhance their knowledge about the development of their dissertations. Primarily, qualitative and quantitative papers should always have a title, a table of content, an introduction, problem statement, the purpose of the study, and research questions (Northcentral University School of Education, 2010). Secondly, the concept paper should also offer a hypothesis, define key terms, offer literature reviews, and provide research methods used in the paper (Northcentral University School of Education, 2010). Moreover, any concept paper should always specify data collection methods and analysis and offer an operational definition of variables. Additionally, the concept paper should provide measurable variables used and a summary of the report. Lastly, the concept paper should always provide a list of references, bibliographies, and annotated bibliography whenever possible. Different elements of the concept paper should be specific as per the Northcentral University’s requirements. The introduction section should not exceed two paragraphs; the researcher should provide a brief description of the research topic and use scholarly resources to support his or her ideas (Northcentral University, 2013). Still under the introduction, the researcher should provide the statement of the research problem; the researcher should use current not older than 5 years from time of publication scholarly resources to support his or her arguments (Northcentral University, 2013). The introduction section should also provide one paragraph description of the purpose of the study; the purpose statement provides the goal of the study. The purpose statement should also reflect the research questions, the research design, the participants and data sources used, and the geographic position of the study (Northcentral University, 2013). The introduction section should further highlight the research question. Qualitative research questions should match the purpose statement and be open-ended. Qualitative research questions should reflect the qualitative research design. On the other hand, quantitative research questions should be testable, specific, and be directly answerable based on experimental/research data. Nonetheless, the researcher should decide on the research methodology he/she is going to use and state it in the purpose statement as early as possible. This would allow for unique style and choice of component for a specific design. The quantitative research methodologies demand the inclusion of sample sizes and the definition of variables that are used in the research. The researcher should align the sample size to the purpose and the objectives to be met in the long-run. The researcher should identify and associate each variable with research questions and hypotheses (Northcentral University, 2013). The paper should further have a brief description of how each variable will operate in the research. However, the descriptions should be based on reliable and valid published research materials such as peer reviewed journal articles (Northcentral University, 2013). In addition, the introduction section should also provide a hypothesis sub-section. The hypothesis sub-section for quantitative research design should correspond to the research question (Northcentral University, 2013). The hypothesis for the quantitative paper must be presented in a testable, but potentially negatable form with each of its variables operationalized (Northcentral University, 2013). Lastly, the introduction may have a subjection meant for definition of core terms. Nonetheless, the definition of core terms is optional for both qualitative and quantitative concept papers. In other words, both qualitative and quantitative concept papers may or may not have a â€Å"definition of key terms† sub-heading in the introduction. Qualitative and quantitative designs often differ in their data collection/study. Qualitative research uses words and point of view of the research subjects (participants) (Bryman, 2012). However, in qualitative research designs, the research uses words to isolate the main points of view of the research subjects. In other words, qualitative research designs encourage direct contact between the researcher and participants during the study. Flexibility is important in qualitative research designs because the researcher should always ascertain the context of the observations that is made. As such, qualitative research designs require the research to conduct investigations in the participants’ natural settings. On the contrary, the researcher may use numbers to measure the variables in quantitative research designs. Quantitative research often originates from the researcher’s point of view; however, the researcher uses numbers or codes to distance himself/herself from the variables. The researcher further uses theory to inform the research method; the researcher mixes theory and data to make meaning out of the codes or numbers. In most cases, quantitative research design is only applicable in artificial settings; the research process in such cases is often static. As such, quantitative research deigns are meant to generate generalizations about a given theory in the context of a particular context (Bryman, 2012). In other words, quantitative approach often manipulates variables in the context of certain condition to convey change as defined by a particular theoretical framework. However, qualitative and quantitative research designs are similar in a number of ways. First and foremost, both methods employ reductionist method in their interaction with data (Bryman, 2012). As such, the researcher collects large volumes of data which he/she reduces to a reasonable format for interpretation. Secondly, qualitative and quantitative research designs demand the use of research questions to guide the research process. Thirdly, quantitative and qualitative research designs should have a strong correlation with the available literature (Bryman, 2012). Researchers using qualitative and quantitative approaches should focus on the variations exemplified in the literature. As such, qualitative and quantitative research designs are meant to reveal feelings, facts, similarities, and differences in order to support or reject a certain theory. The variations determine the conclusions that are made by the researcher (Bryman, 2014). In other words, researchers using quantitative and/or qualitative research designs conduct literature reviews to enable other researchers realize the importance of the study. The discussion component of the concept paper should always identify the concept or idea studied. The discussion for qualitative research method should use a single idea and or phenomenon, idea or concept (Northcentral University, 2010). The researcher should also define and specify the population he/she is studying. For example, qualitative studies may offer description about the number of participants as well as their geographical location. Qualitative studies should exploit interview guide. The researcher should describe the type of interview he or she is using and provide a sample of questions used in the research. In other words, the researcher should avail enough information to prevent duplication of the research conducted by other individuals or readers (Northcentral University, 2010). In conclusion, concept papers applying qualitative and or quantitative research approaches adhere to the standards set by NCU. The institution often offers the concept paper template to help Doctoral students improve their skills in writing dissertation. Qualitative and quantitative research designs are similar in outline, but unique in the way they approach the research process. The major difference between qualitative and quantities research approaches is in the treatment of variables and data collection. Qualitative approaches use the participants’ words and feelings to generate conclusions; the research is set in natural settings. However, quantitative research approaches often manipulate numbers and codes in the participants’ unnatural settings to determine researcher’s conclusions. Northcentral University expects Doctoral students to be familiar with the differences and similarities of either qualitative and or quantitative research approaches when writing their final dissertations. .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .postImageUrl , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:hover , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:visited , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:active { border:0!important; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:active , .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296 .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf4583012a74ce03669b2e9cb7742f296:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Ever Changing Concept of Health Essay References Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods. 4th Ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Northcentral University School of Education. (2010). Best practices for concept paper development. Version 1.0, released Dec, 2010 North Central University. (2013). Ph. D. degree concept paper template. Version: January 2013. Northcentral University. (2010). Best practices for concept paper development. School of Education Resources: Concept Paper Best Practices. Retrieved 28 April, 2014 from http://learners.ncu.edu/ncu_diss/default.aspx?attendance=Y Sampson, J. P. Jr. (2012). A guide to quantitative and qualitative dissertation research. Educational Psychology and Learning Systems Faculty Publications. Retrieved 28 April, 2014 from http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/edpsy_faculty_ publications/1